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Introduction to the Policy


Introduction to the Policy

55GAMES is required under the Money Laundering Regulations 2017 to put in place appropriate systems and controls to forestall money laundering and terrorist financing. This policy contains the procedures that we have developed in order to comply with these obligations.

The Money Laundering Regulations require that an organisation has a Nominated Officer to ensure that there is up-to-date knowledge of issues relating to Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorist Financing throughout the organisation, implement appropriate policies and procedures and receive reports of suspicious activity. The Nominated Officer (Money Laundering Reporting Officer) for 55GAMES is Selim Sancar.

What is money laundering and terrorist financing?

Money laundering is the process through which proceeds of crime and their true origin and ownership are changed so that the proceeds appear legitimate. Terrorist financing is providing or collecting funds, from legitimate or illegitimate sources, to be used to carry out an act of terrorism.

Why is anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing important to 55GAMES?

Lawyers facilitate significant transactions and are gatekeepers to the legal system. The anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorist financing (CTF) regime is designed to prevent our services being used by criminals. You have obligations under the AML/CTF regime to spot and report money laundering and terrorist financing. Failure to meet these obligations can lead to criminal penalties, substantial fines and untold damage to your own and 55GAMES's reputation.

How does money get laundered?

Typically money laundering involves three stages:


Placement:

The process of placing criminal property into the financial system. This might be done by breaking up large sums of cash into smaller amounts or by using a series of financial instruments (such as cheques or money orders) which are deposited at different locations.

Layering:

The process of moving money that has been placed in the financial system in order to obscure its criminal origin. This is usually achieved through multiple complex transactions often involving complicated offshore company structures and trusts.

Integration:

Once the origin of the money is disguised it ultimately must reappear in the financial system as legitimate funds. This process involves investing the money in legitimate businesses and other investments such as property purchases or setting up trusts.

We are most likely to become involved in the layering stage but potentially could be involved in any stage.

How do I know if my matter involves money laundering or terrorist financing?

You do not have to behave like a police officer but you do have to remain alert to the warning signs of money laundering and terrorist financing and make the sort of enquiries that a reasonable person (with the same qualifications, knowledge and experience as you) would make.


Typical signs of money laundering and terrorist financing are:


Criminals are always developing new techniques so this list can never be exhaustive.

What is suspicious activity?

Any client activity outside the normal or expected activity should be considered unusual and must be investigated. Understanding the business or client profile is crucial. Unusual activity or transactions outside the established profile should be considered as a potential indicator of suspicious activity. Investigations should establish the reasons for the unusual activity or transaction. This may either remove or confirm your suspicion. If it is confirmed, you must report it to the MLRO. Failure to do so is an offence that could result in five years imprisonment.

What to do if you have a suspicion?

Report it to your MLRO. Do not carry out the transaction or proceed unless you have consent from the MLRO. They will review the suspicion and, if required, submit a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) to the National Crime Agency (NCA). Only the MLRO or deputy may submit an SAR to the NCA. Once you have reported your suspicion to the MLRO, they will send you an acknowledgement within 24 hours. If more information is required, the MLRO will request it from you.


If the MLRO gives you consent to proceed with a transaction, then that consent only applies to that specific transaction. If the client requests further activities or transactions, further consent is required from the MLRO even if you do not have a suspicion.

SAR

This is a suspicious activity report which financial institutions must make if they suspect something in a transaction is illegal. Law enforcement will make a decision after a SAR has been submitted. If no response has been received seven working days after the SAR was submitted, then the transaction can proceed. It may be a tipping off offence to reveal to the customer that a SAR has been submitted. A SAR should be submitted within 48 hours of a suspicion being formed.


Information that a SAR has been made should never be placed on a client file.





Tipping off

In most jurisdictions it is an offence for someone to tip off (inform) a person suspected of money laundering that a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) has been made or there is a money laundering investigation taking place. There are a number of defences and exceptions that apply, but in general a tipping off offence would occur when the action is likely to prejudice an investigation thats taking place.


A tipping off offence cannot be committed if a report has not been submitted and you liaise with clients or colleagues as part of your enquiries into an unusual activity. However, you cannot mention the word suspicious.

Money Laundering Offences

The Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA 2002) establishes a number of money laundering offences:

Each offence is explained below. All money laundering offences relate to criminal property, which is property that constitutes or represents a person's benefit:

This definition covers the proceeds of all crimes. There is no minimum limit on what is considered to be criminal property.


Criminal conduct is all conduct that constitutes an offence in any part of the UK or overseas.


The principal Offences

You will commit a principal money laundering offence if you:

Concealing (s327)


You will commit an offence if you:

This includes concealing or disguising its:

You must know or suspect that the criminal property represents a benefit from criminal conduct.


Acquisition (s329)


You will commit an offence if you:

Possession means having physical custody of the criminal property. The principal money laundering offences carry a maximum penalty of 14 years' imprisonment, a fine or both. You will have a defence to a principal money laundering offence if you submit a Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) to Selim Sancar.

Failure to report

Making an SAR to the Nominated Officer can be a defence to a principal money laundering offence.


Failing to make a SAR to the Nominated Officer where you know or suspect money laundering is an offence in itself which is punishable by up to five years' imprisonment, a fine or both.


See further Reporting suspicions below.


Tipping-off and prejudicing an investigation

You will commit the tipping-off offence if you disclose to the person to whom the disclosure relates that you, or anyone else:


You will commit the prejudicing an investigation offence if you disclose that an investigation is being contemplated or carried out and that disclosure is likely to prejudice that investigation. Further, you will commit an offence if you know or suspect that an investigation is being or is about to be conducted and you interfere with documents which are relevant to the investigation. Tipping-off can only be committed after an SAR (including an internal SAR to Selim Sancar) has been made. You will not commit tipping-off by discussing your concerns with or submitting a SAR to the Selim Sancar.


All these offences are punishable by up to five years' imprisonment, a fine or both. The existence of these offences does not prevent you from making normal enquiries about your clients' instructions. You are able to make enquiries in order to:

Your enquiries will only constitute an offence if you disclose that an SAR has been made or that an investigation is being carried out or contemplated. It is also not tipping-off to warn your clients of your duties under the AML/CTF regime by providing them with our terms of business or our standard client care letter.


Our internal SAR form can be found at Appendix 1. Any member of staff can submit a SAR form to the Nominated Officer.

Terrorist Financing Offences

Terrorists need funds to plan and carry out attacks. The Terrorism Act 2000 (TA 2000) criminalises both participation in terrorist activities and terrorist financing.


In general terms, terrorist financing is:

The TA 2000 establishes a similar pattern of offences to those contained in POCA 2002, i.e:

All offences carry heavy criminal penalties. While the terrorist financing and money laundering regimes are different, they share similar aims and structures and run together in UK legislation. Many of the provisions of POCA 2002 and TA 2000 mirror one another and the definitions are deliberately matched.


Both POCA 2002 and TA 2000 run parallel to the Money Laundering Regulations 2007 (Amended 2012), which are explained below.

The Money Laundering Regulations 2017

The Money Laundering Regulations 2017 set administrative requirements which require us to have systems and controls to forestall money laundering and terrorist financing. They implement the standards of the Fourth European Anti-Money Laundering Directive into UK law.

Client Due Diligence (CDD)

Client Due Diligence is:


When do I have to conduct CDD?


You must carry out CDD:


You must also identify the beneficial owner and verify them, but not solely based on Companies House register of beneficial ownership. You must obtain and verify the names of the body corporate, its registration number, registered address and principal place of business. Reasonable measures must also be taken to determine and verify the law to which it is subject, its constitution and the names of its board of directors and senior management.

How do I conduct CDD?

You must start with assessing the risk of money laundering or terrorist financing posed by the client and complete a risk assessment (Appendix 3). Once this is complete, you must decide what level of CDD is necessary. This will then inform your next steps.


Risk assessment

55GAMES has risk assessed various types of client see the CDD Risk Table (Appendix 6.3). This will help you to complete your CDD Risk Assessment Form (Appendix 6.4). Once you have completed your risk assessment, you will be able to decide what level of CDD to apply, i.e. enhanced, simplified or regular. The specific CDD measures that you must then apply and the documents that you must obtain in each case are set out in Identify and verify what information or documents do I need to obtain from my client? below.


It is your responsibility to check the accuracy and adequacy of the documents provided. If you are in any doubt please contact Selim Sancar.



Simplified Due Diligence (SDD)

Simplified Due Diligence applies where there is little chance of money laundering or terrorist financing. This means that we can carry out a reduced Client Due Diligence exercise, which simply involves obtaining evidence of why SDD applies. For example, where SDD applies to a company listed on the London Stock Exchange you will need to obtain evidence of the company's listed status only, i.e. a printout of the listing from the LSE's website or a copy of the relevant page of the Financial Times.



Enhanced Due Diligence (EDD)

We are required to carry out Enhanced Due Diligence where there is a greater perceived risk of money laundering or terrorist financing. This requires us to take additional steps to understand the ownership and control of the client and, in some cases, the source of funds involved in the matter. There is also greater focus on ongoing monitoring.


You must conduct EDD on:


MPs

judiciary whose decisions are not generally subject to further appeal

members of courts of auditors or the boards of central banks

Ambassadors

high-ranking officers in the armed forces

members of administrative, management or supervisory bodies of state-owned enterprises

family members or close associates of the above

Regular Due Diligence (RDD)

Regular due diligence applies where Simplified and Enhanced Due Diligence do not.


Source of funds

Understanding your client's source of funds is an important step in the CDD process.

When am I required to look into the source of funds in a transaction?

You are not required to interrogate all clients about their entire financial history but you are required to take additional steps to ensure that the transaction is consistent with your knowledge of the client. This is part of the ongoing monitoring exercise which you must conduct on all matters; see further Ongoing monitoring below.


You are required to establish the source of funds and source of wealth in every matter where you are acting for a Politically Exposed Person (PEP).

What steps should I take?

Scrutinising the source of funds is more than asking for the money to come from a bank account in the clients' name. Your focus should be on understanding how the client can legitimately fund the transaction.


For transactions involving PEPs you should consider whether there:

Where a third party is providing funding to your client you may need to establish the source of funds. See When can I accept funds from a third party? below. You must document your investigations into the source of funds, including any questions asked, responses received and supporting evidence provided.


If you have any concerns about the source of funds you must consider whether you need to submit an SAR to the Nominated Officer.

CDD on beneficial owners

CDD on beneficial owners is different from CDD on clients. You must:

What is a beneficial owner?

Where you are instructed by an agent or representative of an individual, the beneficial owner is the underlying individual on whose behalf the agent or representative is instructing you. Where you are instructed by a company, partnership or other body, the beneficial owner is as follows:


Body corporate (including LLP)

Any individual who:

  • (For non-listed bodies) ultimately owns or controls more than 25% of the shares or voting rights of the body, or

  • Otherwise exercises control over the management of the body

Partnership (not LLP)

Any individual who:

  • Ultimately is entitled to or controls more than a 25% share of the capital or profits of or more than 25% of the voting rights in the partnership, or

  • Otherwise exercises control over the management of the partnership

Trust

  • Any individual who is entitled to a specified interest in at least 25% of the capital of the trust property

  • The class of persons in whose main interest the trust is set up or operates (the class itself and not every member of the class), or

  • Any individual who has control over the trust

Other legal entity or arrangement

  • Any individual who benefits from at least 25% of the property of the entity or arrangement

  • The class of persons in whose main interest the entity or arrangement is set up or operates (the class itself and not every member of the class), or

  • Any individual who exercises control over at least 25% of the property of the entity or arrangement

Estate of a deceased person in the course of administration

The executor or administrator

Any other case

The individual who ultimately owns or controls the client or on whose behalf a transaction is being conducted






How do I conduct CDD on beneficial owners?

You must first identify the beneficial owners. You can do this through a reliable public source (e.g. Companies House) or by asking the client. Unless there is any reason to doubt the information given you can rely on the client's word. You must then consider the client's risk profile, the structure of the business and the nature of the transaction. This will help you to decide what steps you need to take to verify the beneficial owner's identity. In assessing the risk, you should consider:

The key is to understand the ownership and control of the client.


The level of verification required will depend on your assessment of your client's risk profile. When verifying the beneficial owner you can:

If the beneficial owner of a client is a company, you will need to establish the individual at the top of the corporate tree.


What happens if I cannot conclude the CDD exercise?

Where we are unable to apply CDD measures, the general rule is that we must:

There are very limited circumstances in which this may not apply, e.g. we may be able to verify the client's identity during the establishment of a business relationship if this is necessary to avoid interrupting the normal course of business and there is little risk of money laundering--this is on condition that the verification is completed as soon as practicable after contact is first established.


You must never unilaterally decide that it is acceptable to delay completion of CDD. If you are unable to apply or complete CDD on any matter, you should immediately seek advice from the Nominated Officer.


Purpose and intended nature of the business relationship


You must understand the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship. This is a key part of the CDD process. It will enable you to perform your risk assessment of the client and retainer and help you to determine appropriate CDD measures.


Knowing more about the client and their normal activities will help you to spot something unusual.


A transaction which appears to serve no purpose could be a money laundering or terrorist financing warning flag.

Ongoing monitoring

What is ongoing monitoring?


Ongoing monitoring is an intrinsic part of the CDD process. It must be performed on all matters, regardless of their individual risk rating, in order to detect unusual or suspicious transactions.


How do I conduct ongoing monitoring?


You should:

Training

Who will receive training?


All relevant staff will receive training.


What does the training involve?


Training is provided through online courses.


It covers:

Is completion of training compulsory?


Completion of training is compulsory.


How often will training be provided?


All new joiners will receive training as part of the induction process. Further training will be provided as required.


The Nominated Officer will continually monitor training needs but if you feel that you need further training on any aspect of the relevant law or our AML/CTF policy and procedures, please contact Selim Sancar.


Policy compliance and review

How will compliance with this policy be monitored?


Compliance will be continually monitored through any or all of the following methods:

What are the consequences for failing to comply?


Failure to comply puts both you and the organisation at risk. You may commit a criminal offence if you fail to comply with this policy. The AML and CTF regimes carry heavy criminal penalties ranging from two years' imprisonment for failing to apply appropriate CDD measures to 14 years' imprisonment for committing a principal money laundering or terrorist financing offence. We take compliance with this policy very seriously. Because of the importance of this policy, failure to comply with any requirement may lead to disciplinary action under our procedures, which may result in dismissal.


When will this policy be reviewed?


We will review this policy at least annually as part of our overall risk management process. We will also review this policy if:

Where can I get further advice on AML/CTF matters?


You can get further advice and guidance from the Nominated Officer, Selim Sancar, or, in his absence the deputy, Peker Kalın.





Appendix 1


Internal Suspicious Activity Report Form


SAR Reference Number:



(Nominated Officer use only)

A record of this SAR will be kept by the Nominated Officer for five years

You must use this form in every case where you know or suspect that another person is engaged in money laundering or terrorist financing


If you are unsure as to whether you have such a suspicion, please do not use this form but instead seek guidance from the Nominated Officer


Date SAR submitted to the Nominated Officer


Your name


Branch/office


SAR type (money laundering / terrorism / mortgage fraud / bribery)


Client name


Client/matter reference number


Department dealing with the matter


Do you require consent to continue acting?


If yes, set out all the steps that you need to take to complete the matter in section 4 below


Does this SAR relate to a previous SAR?


If yes, please provide details



Does this SAR relate to a suspect or a victim?


Is the subject of this SAR:

  • an individual--please go to section 3

  • a legal entity--please go to section 4


Are there any individuals or entities who are associated with the main subject? (yes/no)

If yes, complete details in section 5 below


Full name


Date of Birth (dd/mm/yyyy)


Gender


Occupation


Full address


Address type (home/business/other)


Is this address current? (yes/no/unsure)


Any other identification details (eg passport, driving license or NI number)



Full name


Company number


VAT number


Country of registration


Full address


Is this address current (yes/no/unsure)


Type of business


Any other identification details


Details of any associated subjects including identifying information as above and details of the nature of the association with the main subject



Does your knowledge or suspicion relate to a specific offence? (yes/no)


If yes, please indicate: drugs/fraud/terrorism/briber/other (please state)


Have you discussed your knowledge or suspicions with any person other than the Nominated Officer? (yes/no)


If yes, please give details (who/why/when, etc)


Please set out your reasons for making this SAR in as much detail as possible (who/what/where/when/how/why)


Signed (discloser)


Signed (Nominated Officer)








Appendix 2


Client Due Diligence Risk Tables


These tables are a guide only. You should assess the risk presented by each individual client and complete the client due diligence risk assessment form. Where any characteristics of a client appear to present a higher risk, you must factor this into the client due diligence process.


Key terms


CDD

client due diligence

EDD

enhanced due diligence

EEA

European Economic Area

PEP

politically exposed person

RDD

regular due diligence

SDD

simplified due diligence


1. Natural persons


Client type

Basic

requirement

Client not physically met

Client is a PEP

Required to

establish

beneficial

ownership

UK individual

RDD

EDD

EDD

no

overseas individual

RDD

EDD

EDD

no

agent or representative of an individual

RDD

EDD

EDD

yes

professional

SDD

EDD

EDD

no

PEP

EDD

EDD

EDD

no


2. Partnerships and companies


Client type

Standard requirement

If a PEP is involved

Required to

establish

beneficial ownership

UK credit or financial institution

SDD

EDD

no

credit or financial institution in the EEA

SDD

EDD

no

credit or financial institution outside the EEA where equivalent AML provisions apply

SDD

EDD

yes

credit or financial institution outside the EEA where there are no equivalent AML provisions

RDD

EDD

no

UK partnership

RDD

EDD

no

UK partnership made up of regulated individuals

SDD

EDD

yes

UK private unlisted company

RDD

EDD

yes

well-known 'household name' company

SDD

EDD

yes

subsidiary of existing private unlisted company for which CDD has been conducted

SDD

EDD

yes

UK company listed on a regulated market

SDD

EDD

no

subsidiary of a UK listed company

SDD

EDD

yes

private unlisted company in the EEA

RDD

EDD

yes

private unlisted company outside the EEA

EDD

EDD

yes

overseas company listed on a regulated market

SDD

EDD

no

companies with capital in the form of bearer shares

EDD

EDD

yes


3. Other entities and arrangements


Client type

Standard requirement

If a PEP is involved

Required to

establish

beneficial

ownership

standard-risk trust

RDD

EDD

yes--when acting for trustees

higher-risk trust (eg a high-risk jurisdiction is involved)

EDD

EDD

yes--when acting for trustees

foundation

RDD

EDD

yes

registered charity

SDD

EDD

yes

small, unknown or obscure or unregistered charity

RDD

EDD

yes

deceased person's estate

RDD

EDD

yes

church or place of worship

SDD

EDD

yes

school or college

SDD

EDD

yes

club or association

RDD

EDD

yes

employee pension fund

SDD

EDD

no

other pension fund

RDD

EDD

yes

UK public authority

SDD

EDD (but only if overseas PEPs are involved)

no

overseas public authority that:



  • is entrusted with public functions

  • has publicly available, transparent and certain identity

  • has transparent activities and accounting practices

  • is accountable to a community institution, the authorities of an EEA state or is otherwise subject to appropriate check and balance procedures

SDD

EDD

no

other overseas public authority

RDD

EDD

yes

other overseas public authority in high-risk jurisdiction (eg Iran and North Korea--the Treasury issues guidance and lists periodically that are available on its website, the most recent being March 2012) HM Treasury--Financial Sector Advisory Note

EDD

EDD

yes




Appendix 3


Client Due Diligence Risk Assessment Form


You must complete this form for every:



Client name


Client reference number


Is the client based in the UK?


Client type (private individual/partnership or company/other)


Has client been met face-to-face? (individual clients only)


Is the client a PEP?

(individual clients only)



Please tick any of the following indicators that apply to your client.

High


Low


Standard

PEP


professional individual or partnership


client does not fall within high- or low-risk categories


individual not met face-to-face


credit or financial institution


other (please state):


high-risk trust


'household name'




high-risk jurisdiction


listed company or subsidiary




company with capital in the form of bearer shares


registered charity, place of worship or school/college




other (please state):


employee pension fund






public authority






other (please state):





What is your conclusion regarding the risk posed by the individual client - low/standard/high?


Note: it is possible that more than one indicator will apply. If so, the highest indicator will prevail--eg if you have ticked one low indicator and one high indicator, you should conclude that the client is high risk.


enhanced

simplified

regular


Remember that the CDD risk table is a guide only. Before deciding on the level of CDD to apply, you should take into account your assessment of the risk posed by the individual client at section 2 above, eg where the client is high risk, you should consider upgrading the level of CDD suggested on the table.

enhanced

simplified

regular



Reason:

Signed:

Date:


Signed by Nominated Officer () (high-risk clients only):

Date:


Please return completed forms to MLRO and retain a copy for the matter file.









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